The Institute of Genomics and Global Health (IGH) at the Redeemer’s University in Ede, Osun State, has successfully sequenced a complete human genome for the first time in Nigeria.
A genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism. It contains all the information needed for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of that organism. The genome is made up of DNA (or RNA in some viruses) and includes all of an organism’s genes as well as the non-coding sequences of DNA.
The achievement also marks the first human genome sequencing in Africa using Illumina’s NovaSeq™ X Plus sequencer.
Genomic sequencing, as defined by the National Cancer Institute, determines the entire genetic makeup of an organism or cell, helping scientists identify genetic changes linked to diseases, such as cancer.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) describes Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) as a transformative tool for detecting and monitoring microbial hazards in the food chain, enhancing surveillance, outbreak response, and source identification, all of which could significantly reduce the burden of foodborne diseases.
The milestone at Redeemer’s University coincided with the inauguration of the Genomics and Bioinformatics Training Academy at IGH, which aims to increase the technical workforce for advanced genomic research.
The facility focuses on next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications.
According to IGH, formerly called the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Africa accounts for less than two per cent of human genomes sequenced globally, despite being home to immense genetic diversity.
Using the NovaSeq™ X Plus, the institute can sequence over 20,000 whole human genomes annually—2.5 times the capacity of the NovaSeq™ 6000.
Christian Happi, Founder and Director of IGH, described the milestone as transformative, saying, “This achievement enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity and ancestry of African populations, which remain underrepresented in global genomic research”.
According to a statement from IGH, the institute has already sequenced 11 human samples on the NovaSeq™ X Plus and analysed them using Illumina’s DRAGEN platform.
All samples met high-quality standards, underscoring the potential to create inclusive and relevant scientific knowledge while addressing historical biases in medical research, the statement added.
Happi emphasised the broader implications of the breakthrough, noting that it paves the way for personalized medicine, targeted therapies, and disease prevention.
He added that local scientists can now investigate genetic factors linked to non-communicable diseases prevalent in African populations.
Illumina’s General Manager for Emerging Markets, Gregory Essert, while describing the partnership with IGH as pivotal in embedding genomics capability within Africa, noted that the delivery of the NovaSeq™ X Plus to IGH last year was a critical step toward advancing genomic research on the continent.
“The IGH is a global hub for genomic excellence, leading efforts to improve public health in Africa through cutting-edge technology.
“This achievement positions IGH and Redeemer’s University as leaders in DNA sequencing and personalized medicine in Africa,” Essert said.
The partnership between IGH and Illumina allows African researchers early access to advanced sequencing technologies, facilitating rapid DNA decoding in fields such as oncology, reproductive health, and agriculture.
This collaboration is expected to significantly advance the understanding of genetics and diseases across the continent.
